• Modern Ever‑Blooming Roses & Floribunda: Bloom on new growth. Prune hard in spring (cut back by ½–⅔). Remove old woody stems, keep 3–5 healthy canes, and cut them to 12–18 inches at varied lengths for continuous blooms.

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• Hybrid Teas & Grandiflora: Also bloom on new wood. Prune in early spring by removing dead and weak wood. Shape into an open vase by clearing the center, shorten canes to about half or 12–18 inches, and deadhead during the season. Remove all suckers.

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• Modern Shrub Roses: Repeat bloomers on mature wood. Leave unpruned for the first two years, then annually remove one‑third of the oldest canes, along with any dead or diseased growth.

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• Climbing Roses: Prune early to remove winter damage and dead wood, then again after flowering to shape and control size. Replace old, weakening canes as needed.

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• Bourbons & Portlands: Bloom on both old and new wood. Remove dead wood before flowering; do heavier pruning and shaping after the first bloom.

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• Once‑Blooming Roses (Alba, Centifolia, Damask, Gallica, Moss): Bloom on old wood. Prune lightly only after flowering to remove dead or thin growth and for shaping.

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• Miniature Roses: Prune lightly for shape, cutting back to an outward‑facing bud after blooming.